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Everything you need to know about Lithium-ion batteries 🪫🔋 As an electric car owner, laptop and smartphone user, you have choices how to prolong battery life. Let’s go 🧵
1/7 Depth of discharge (DoD) determines the cycle count of the battery. The smaller the discharge, the longer the battery will last. Avoid full discharges and charge the battery more often between uses. Partial discharge on Li-ion is fine.
2/7 A partial discharge and partial charge reduces stress and prolongs battery life. High temperature and high currents also affect cycle life.
3/7 Estimated number of discharge/charge cycles Li-ion can deliver at various DoD levels before the battery capacity drops to 70%: 100% DoD: ~ 600 80% DoD: ~ 900 60% DoD: ~ 1,500 40% DoD: ~ 3,000 20% DoD: ~ 9,000 10% DoD: ~ 15,000
4/7 Lithium-ion battery suffers from stress when exposed to heat. Estimated recoverable capacity (40% charge) when storing Lithium-ion for 1 year at various temperatures: 0°C (32°F): 98% 25°C (77°F): 96% 40°C (104°F): 85% 60°C (140°F): 75%
5/7 For most Li-ion a voltage above 4.10V/cell is deemed as high voltage. Every reduction in peak charge voltage of 0.10V/cell is said to double the cycle life. On the negative side, a lower peak charge voltage reduces the capacity the battery stores.
6/7 In terms of longevity, the optimal charge voltage for most batteries is 3.92V/cell. Every 0.10V drop below 4.20V/cell doubles the cycle but holds less capacity. Raising the voltage above 4.20V/cell would shorten the life.
7/7 What can you do to prolong battery life? • Minimize the amount of time the battery spends at either 100% or 0% charge. Consider using a partial charge that restores the battery to 80% SoC. • Limit the battery temperature. • Avoid high charge and discharge currents.