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Brendan
@AtlanticBalliol
🚨 New Thread 🚨

🧵More selections from Edmond Demolins’ Anglo-Saxon Superiority🧵

This text was written by a French pedagogue in 1897 to try and nail down the causes of the unparalleled success of the Anglosphere.

Despite the connotations of the title, this is not a social Darwinist text. The author was a Catholic. It is a work of comparative, pre war social science and as such is completely anathema to current day sensibilities.

I’ve brushed up the language in places and gave context and comments where I thought needed. This is basically the book filtered through my head and condensed, it’s public domain anyways, so I will just go ahead and do things.

This text sheds light on many aspects of life in the Anglosphere that us natives don’t even notice or think twice about. This sort of self awareness is crucial to foster in our time of mass migration and globalization.
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Brendan
@AtlanticBalliol
“No doubt social science does not  appeal to an English mind in the same way as to a French one. To  characterize this difference, I  should  say that a Frenchman seeks  in it a rational system for the  general direction of society;  whereas an Englishman studies it with a view to improving his own  practical conduct. These two  attitudes are representative of the respective ‘formations’ of the two  nations: we French are  inclined to dabble in general ideas,  they, Anglo Saxons, are disposed to  practical applications.”
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Brendan
@AtlanticBalliol
“For there is no other source of  wealth than agriculture, industry, and commerce. We are too much  given to forgetting that all other  professions are but parasitical occupations, drawing the resources  that feed them from the three  essential callings I have just named.”

“I placed agriculture, industry and  commerce at the base of  the pyramid because these three  commoner professions represent  the essential work which procures  the daily bread and upon which all  other work depends. When these  three essential professions suffer,  the whole social body suffers; when  they decay, the whole social body decays likewise,  as is the case with the human body if it ceases to be nourished. A society may, if absolutely  necessary, live on without barristers, journalists, solicitors, physicians, officials; but it cannot live on without the farmers who provide the food, nor without the manufacturers who fashion the  objects of essential use; nor without the traders who distribute all indispensable  goods in the spots where a demand  exists.”

>These are simple, clarifying passages for our interconnected, specialized & globalized world.
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Brendan
@AtlanticBalliol
“In the past, everything tended,  therefore, to assure stability and  promote traditional methods.  Hence an education directed  towards stability, tradition, and the  past, was perfectly adapted to the  social necessities of those times.  The results obtained were  appreciated for a long  period.
Social conditions are now reversed:  production takes place in large  workshops with the help of motors  of enormous power, the clientele  supplied is world-wide, and the  demand almost unlimited. The  methods of work are subjected to  constant improvement, following  the progress of science. Innovation  takes everywhere the place of  tradition. Men must be or ever  ready to produce more, better, or  cheaper,  if they will hold their own against competition. Instead of  a calm,  jog-trot kind of existence, it  is life intense and struggling. Moreover, there is no choice, no  alternative ;  the new conditions  intrude  themselves  brutally and Now must be humoured.”
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Brendan
@AtlanticBalliol
“The world is henceforth launched  into a career of everlasting  transformations, which cannot be stopped. This cuts us off definitely  from the past, when things had  some stability and even apparent  fixity. The question is how to be prepared to make the best possible  use of this evolution and guard  against its temporary dangers. Between the man of the past and  the man of the present, there  is  the same difference as between  two soldiers: the one called  to  defend a citadel, the other sent to  the front for defensive and  offensive warfare. The difference is  total and complete. And there is in  all this no evil spirit or general cowardice, as  is  the gloomy refrain of blind  fault-finders; there is a novel material  situation for humanity, ordained by Providence, which gave man the  progressive science of Nature. It is  for man to accommodate himself  to  such  progress, not only in his own interest, but also as a matter  of  duty.”
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Brendan
@AtlanticBalliol
“In the old social system the  individual is sustained less by  himself,  his own will and initiative,  than by the protective framework of  society, whether it take the form of family,  school, regiment, office, or  the State itself. The props that  sustain him in his traditions and beliefs — political, social, or  religious — are  held up from  outside, and there is no interior  foundation for them. In other  words, the individual acts or thinks  in such or such a fashion only  because everybody else in his little  world acts and thinks in the same  fashion. Consequently this is what  follows. As soon as the protective  framework happens to subside…the man breaks down. In the old  society, the domestic, political, or  social framework was sufficiently  strong and rigid to uphold  even  enfeebled individuals like those  decrepit houses which are only kept standing by the help of others on  either side. Lookout,  however,  when the props are removed!”
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Brendan
@AtlanticBalliol
“The great peril, the great rivalry, are  on the other side of the Channel,  and on the other side of the Atlantic; they are wherever is to be  found an Anglo-Saxon pioneer, an  Anglo-Saxon settler or squatter.  The man is not much considered,  because he does not come like the  German, along with big battalions  and perfected weapons; he is despised because he arrives with  his plough and by himself. This comes from our being ignorant  of what that plough is worth and  what that man is worth. When once  we know that, we shall know where the danger is, and at the same time  where the remedy lies.”

>this passage goes HARD
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Brendan
@AtlanticBalliol
“Agriculture should be considered as the base. It is more essential to the  nation than industry and commerce,  not only because it provides men  with food, but because it is the most  stable of all professions. It is as stable as the very soil, It is not,l like industry and commerce, subject  to sudden changes. At any rate, this  stability makes of agriculture a strong base for a society; it forms  a substratum population firmly  attached to the soil and traditions  of a country. It brings forth elements of order and duration.”

“Among the Anglo-Saxons,  agriculture has been abandoned  neither by the upper classes nor by the mass of the nation. The English  lords own vast estates and reside  there; when they do not cultivate  the whole of their lands, they  always farm at least a part  themselves. In this way they remain well posted in all agricultural matters. A  French landowner can  hardly believe what amount of money a great English landlord is  willing to embark in agricultural  improvements. This use of wealth is  the principal title of an English gentleman to public consideration.!”
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Brendan
@AtlanticBalliol
“What else is done by the English  emigrants to the United States, to  Australia, New Zealand, etc.,but  building up rural estates? To own a  rural estate and  run  it, is their  proudest ambition; that is why they  become colonists, settlers and squatters. A very great many young  Englishmen thus go abroad every  year, and when a man finds such employment for his spare money,  there is not much left for Stock  Exchange investments.The few Frenchmen, on the contrary, who go abroad, do so generally in an official  capacity, and do a good deal more harm  than  good to the cause of colonization.”

>every Anglo man’s home is his castle AND he must be sheriff of his own lands
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Brendan
@AtlanticBalliol
>Demolins basically uses the word communistic instead of collectivist to point to a particular, insular ethos that Spengler also noticed Anglos lacked. Just keep that in mind.

“The English aristocracy is evidently  not a product of the Anglo-Saxon social state. Societies of Particularistic formation do not  produce such an institution. No  hereditary superior class is to be  found among any peoples of this  type, if pure and isolated from  foreign influence, as in Norway and  certain parts of the Saxony plains.  There the land-owning farmer has maintained  himself without admixture of another class.  Neither is there any hereditary  aristocracy forming in new countries  where the Anglo-Saxon type prevails, such as the United  States, Australia, New Zealand, etc.”

“…what  the  English  sum up in  these two phrases: Self-help and  the Struggle for Life, no doubt the  English aristocracy, with their primogeniture and law of entail, rest  on a totally different basis; their principles are  those of Communistic races, namely, the establishing of the firstborn with the assistance of  the family group, an arrangement which reduces to a minimum the  activity required of the young man,  and dispenses with the need of helping himself or struggling in any way for existence.  The eldest child in the English  aristocracy is  placed under  a Communistic rigime. Whence  comes English hereditary  aristocracy? It was imported from  outside. It hailed from the Continent  and came with William the  Conqueror.”

>Bloody Normans!
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Brendan
@AtlanticBalliol
“We now know that the Norman  conquerors belonged to the  Communistic formation; they were  recruited in a good many places,  with promises of booty which attracted  into  their ranks  disreputable men, mostly outcasts,  or men who had nothing to attach them to  the soil. The history of the  establishment of the Normans in  England is well known. They simply  placed themselves above the population and shared the great  estates, the best lands - but without  fixing themselves firmly to the soil after the Saxon fashion. The  Saxon,  oppressed by the Norman, went on tilling the ground for the latter. The  struggle between Norman and Saxon  is  really a struggle between two  absolutely opposite social  formations. The particularity Saxons and the Communistic Normans”

“If the Normans did not plant themselves firmly in the soil, they at  least planted themselves as deeply  as they could in the essentially Communistic system of an hereditary aristocracy. This  system is still extant and it can  be said that it has succeeded in  grievously deforming  for centuries the Anglo-Saxon or Particularistic  type  in England. Regardless: the  English  at  last obtained  self-government, an essentially  Particularistic boon, at the very  moment when France, a prey again  to the Communistic State formation,  was meeting with autocracy at the  hands of Louis XIV.”

“But there has remained in England  something of a Norman excrescence: the hereditary  aristocracy. This, like the monarchy, has been reduced to merely an honorary condition, except for a few political prerogatives such as recruiting the Upper House. This privilege has not yet  been seriously contested because  the people have found in it hitherto  more advantages than otherwise.

“Thus the practice of self-government has had as a result the  removal from the English nobility of all objectionable or troublesome privileges. Although the hereditary  nobility in England is an imported  l article, it has nevertheless exerted very real influence. Upon the whole, its influence has been more noxious  than useful.”
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Brendan
@AtlanticBalliol
“The particularistic formation rests  essentially on the idea that a man  has no value but his own individual  value  enhanced  by  his  power  of  work, energy,  and  perseverance,  and  that  a  man's  place in  the  social  scale  is  determined  by  his  possession of  these  qualities.  The  introduction  of  an  heredi- tary superior  class  has  grafted  on  to  this  the Communistic  notion  that  a  man  has  independently of  himself  a  value  derived  from  his  family,  group, or  a  clan.  This is  a  serious  deformity, modification  in  the  very  basis  of  the  social type.”

“ The average Englishman who partakes of a Particularistic origin is naturally  inclined to adopt a lucrative  profession. He is naturally drawn  towards business from the  necessity in which all young  people  find themselves, of creating for themselves a situation instead of  relying for it on paternal finances or a wife's dowry. Moreover, he is drawn    in that direction by the very business  capacity which is developed even  from childhood by the certain prospect of such a necessity. When  this tendency is once well understood, we can easily find out  what kind of advantages the English  could appreciate in the hereditary nobility enforced upon them: they  shrewdly saw a chance of causing  to be fulfilled by others the  unavoidable functions of politics,  which they have no particular  fascination for themselves. There  is  no doubt whatsoever that their  aristocracy has furnished them  generations of superior politicians. On the other hand, this aristocracy  has not been, at least for the last  hundred years or so, very troublesome, thanks to the stout and continuous resistance of the Particularistic/Saxon spirit.”
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Brendan
@AtlanticBalliol
“There would not result any lack of  a superior class in England, as the  Particularistic type does produce  such an organism although in  different conditions. In fact, this  organism exists in England, and has  never ceased to be at work; it is  represented by the gentleman. The  gentleman differs from the lord or  the noble in this: his position is  not hereditary but purely personal; not consecrated by the public powers, but by opinion. People will  say: " so-and-so is or is not,  a  gentleman and by this qualification  is implied an ensemble of qualities  and virtues which can hardly be defined, but which I  fancy could be summed up in the  English word  "respectability." There  are gentlemen in all walks of life; but  public opinion often refuses this title  to a man of high birth whose life  lacks dignity. The gentleman is the  Saxon form of a superior class, as the noble is the Norman form.”

“Amongst us, a man's social status  is determined by his trade or profession like the Hindus, who are also divided into  castes, we profess to believe that  there are pure and impure callings,  callings which are genteel and callings  which are not. The army, the  liberal  professions, the Administration, belong to the former; the latter comprise industry and commerce,  and, we may add, agriculture, whose practice we leave to our farmers or  managers. We do not see many ‘society’ young  men going in for colonizing work. Thus the spirit  of caste, of which snobbery is but a ridiculous  manifestation, is strengthened in us  by the exclusive exercise of some professions and the repugnance to others, which draws  a definite line between the castes and at the same time labels each. This line of demarcation does not  exist, or at least is dying out in the  Anglo-Saxon world. In the  United  States, where the Particularistic  form is more free from any Norman  influence, this division of trades and  professions has almost entirely disappeared and a man's value is  estimated chiefly in initiative, in proportion to his energy, endurance,  and power. This is a consequence of the extraordinary impulse given to  the commoner professions by the  rise of larger industries and the increased rapidity of transport- which themselves are consequent  upon the discovery of coal
mines.This new state of things,  whose rapid event made the  Communistic societies giddy, gave on  the  contrary, a tremendous  impulse to the Particularistic societies, which were prepared to  adapt themselves to the new  conditions.”
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Brendan
@AtlanticBalliol
“Thus England, long hindered and  somewhat smothered by the traditions and  institutions imported by the  Norman invaders is gradually taking  possession of herself again and  returning to her Anglo Saxon social  constitution, to her Particularistic formation. Nothing  henceforth can  stop this unavoidable evolution. And  if you would see where this evolution leads to, consider the American  society in the United States where  the Anglo-Saxon type is now  reforming in all its  purity and power,  thanks to the large extent of  territories opened to individual  enterprise, thanks also to the  absence of an hereditary superior  class imposed on the people by  conquest.”
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Brendan
@AtlanticBalliol
“In Great Britain, we come across specimens of the whole series of social types, from the pure Celt of the Scottish Highlands or of  Ireland, to the Saxon of the South and Midlands with all the intermediate varieties. How  interesting it would be to be able to classify them  in series, so as to determine the different stages  of the evolution of a Communistic  Celt into a Particularistic Saxon! Great Britain is indeed like a gigantic  still in which, by a process of  continuous distillation, the Celts are  being gradually Saxonized in virtue  of this law: that when two social  types are brought together, the  more resisting tends to assimilate  the other. Here, the more resisting, stubborn and therefore dominant type is undoubtedly the Saxon.”
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Brendan
@AtlanticBalliol
“The influence of a proper dwelling  is most powerful, being exercised,  as it is, over the most intimate portion of a man's  life, and  being of a permanent effect.”

“In societies of a Communistic formation, the idea of home is represented by a property - whether dwelling or estate, and a  group of persons, which includes  relatives, friends, and neighbours.  The people are attached most to the place and the persons; more so because in their social state they are inclined to lean on things and persons rather than on self. There is  a popular saying in Auvergne and in the Pyrenees which  goes: " The  house must go on smoking." Indeed,to keep the chimney-pot smoking, they are capable of any sacrifice. The younger sons accept reductions in their lawful shares of the patrimony;  uncles and aunts remain single in order not to prevent the  chosen heir preserving the house  and estate where perhaps they shall  be  granted shelter and where at  any rate they may find help. Upon  the whole, their idea of home seems  connected with such a house, such  and such a particular place- which  explains the hardship they  experience in having to leave it: they seem attached to the soil and to the  very  stones. Hence the strong love of those peasants for the paternal  house and the family property, hence their desire  to preserve it and transmit it from  generation to generation.”

“But -mark this well: in this  traditional home, on this family  property, Communistic populations seek or find little comfort. Nothing could be more striking for the close observer than the contrast between the extraordinary stability  of the home and the very  rudimentary character of their installations. Enter the home of a Russian  peasant or that of a Bulgarian, an Auvergnat,  a Pyrenean,  a  Provencal, or a  Breton, and  question the man. Nine times out of ten he will tell you that  his family has occupied the house  for generations. Here is the stability  of a home with a vengeance! Indeed, the man loves his home with a love that cannot be uprooted. But look  at the interior of the house. Why, it is  like an encampment. So these people, who are so fond of  their homes, do not seem to care for comfort within”
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Brendan
@AtlanticBalliol
“There are two kinds of stability: one  material, and the other moral; the first is  much more important than the other.”

“Comfort in the home is the first  consideration developed by the  Particularistic Saxon formation. That  is because man here does not lean  on the community, on his family or  circle of connections; he relies on  himself alone, and provides a home for himself. He settles himself -he  does not  camp. He gives less to  out-of-door life and more to home life. He has a way of looking upon his home as the citadel of his  independence. He names it by a name which  expresses much more than his  house, and which, as it has no  equivalent in French, I cannot  translate: Home.”

“Communists are deeply attached  to the family dwelling; their stay-at- home propensities are natural enough when we think that they  draw the greater part of their strength from that material framework. The  Particularist, on the contrary, finds it  extremely easy to change his  surroundings. He shows no hesitation, when opportunity offers of bettering his  position, in changing his residence, even from one end of the world to the  other. That is because he looks more to  the future than to the past, because  he relies more on his own individual enterprise than on any traditional or family institutions. Indeed, his origin  is responsible for the little country house in which he lives, for man is less held by a small  dwelling than by a large one: he is master of the  house, not the house his master. He  is not attached to the stones, nor  the stones to him.”

“Populations accustomed to simplicity of living and to scanty accommodation in their homes are satisfied with little; small profits are good enough for them. Their ambition is limited and easily contented. Mediocrity, not necessarily golden,  is the fashion among them. Not so here. A more ornate way of living, a  certain fastidiousness in the appointment of his home provoke the man to exert himself and keep him up to it.”

>Shoutout to @extradeadjcb for that all time banger tweet
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Brendan
@AtlanticBalliol
“It might be supposed that, lawyers being in the habit of discussing the  law, are the more fit to make laws. It is true that they know,  professionally, the long series of our  laws and the numerous systems which lawyers' interpretations have  created. So far, they bring a useful element into  Parliament. Unfortunately, they cannot help having a lawyer's inclination to place the purely theoretical aspect of the law before  the public interests, which escape  their  handling. Living as they do  amidst texts of law, they are inclined  to look upon them as a general  panacea; they are naturally tempted  to believe that human societies are  led with laws - plenty of them and thus minimize the importance of the  spontaneous force of private life and  of all useful callings. It is this professional tendency which made lawyers formerly the most active instruments of royal absolutism against individual  and local freedom. The lawyers,  even in this century, on the Right as  on the Left, were the most indefatigable adepts of political  centralization. They intruded everywhere with the heavy  hand of the State - although they  knew well how to protest when that  hand was at the service of their adversaries. They are chiefly  responsible for the development of  the French  bureaucracy, which ruins  our finances and sterilizes every  initiative on the part of individuals.”

“Happy are the nations which, supported by their natural representatives, find the just measure in which to represent the different social elements”
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Brendan
@AtlanticBalliol
“Of all the Western nations, the Anglo Saxon is by far the most  Particularistic, the one farthest from  the Communistic formation. It is the  Anglo Saxon element which has developed  to the highest degree individual initiative and has restricted within  the narrowest limits the action of the public powers, the intervention of the State.”

“The more a man obeys an inclination to rely on help from others, from the  community or the State, the less is his force of initiative developed, the less is he inclined to exert himself personally to make a livelihood. On the other hand, the more he is expected to  rely on himself alone and his personal  work, the more is his force of initiative developed, the more is he inclined  to exert  himself, not with the mere end of  making a living but also of rising  higher and higher. The regime of  Communism places man in a general situation which may be likened to that of administrative clerks or officials - and we know that  such situations do not develop the working power, for the good reason that they  deaden any personal interest in the  result of the work. If, therefore,  such  a rigime be extended to a whole society,  its effects are multiplied,  owing  to  its generality; if it be  practised by many  consecutive generations, the effects are bound  to be more accentuated, owing  to the continuity of the rigime. The  working power decreases by a certain quantity at the first generation, by a somewhat  larger quantity  at  the  second  generation, and so  on - until we get to the indolence of the Oriental, who  reduces exertion to what is strictly  necessary for  avoiding  starvation.”

“This is what a historian of  Socialism writes : " There is no country in Europe where the workmen have done more towards improving their material condition than England. There have the workmen's funds, assurances,  and co-operative societies been multiplied : their Trades Unions  systems have made them capitalists. But all this has been done outside Socialism, and without any pretensions to changing the present  system of society." They have done all that without allowing themselves to be taken in hand by leaders or politician - and  that  is  what  the  leaders  cannot  forgive  them. To appreciate all that the  Anglo Saxon  workmen have succeeded in  doing for themselves in England and  in America,  through  their  own  exertion and initiative without  claiming - or  even accepting - the aid of the State.”

“The Future undoubtedly is for the nations which have been successful  in freeing themselves of Communistic tendencies. It would be wise indeed to realize this truth, instead of wasting time in seeking a solution on old played-out  lines the impotence of which had already been recognized in the time of the Pharaohs, and  which nowadays is chiefly advocated by the most State-ridden nations in the Western world”
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Brendan
@AtlanticBalliol
“Patriotism attains very different and unequal developments in various human societies and is in different places the result  of various causes. We can at least  recognize four distinct varieties, which may thus be labelled: Patriotism founded on religious feeling; Patriotism  founded on commercial competition; State Patriotism,  founded on political ambition ;  lastly, Patriotism founded on the  independence of private  life.”
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